Pedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five-year-old as emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule.
He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza. Dom Pedro II (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years.
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